Friday, December 10, 2010
Thursday, December 9, 2010
The Dark Side of Oz
Synchronicity is a word coined by the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung to describe the "temporally coincident occurrences of acausal events." Jung spoke of synchronicity as an "acausal connecting principle" (i.e. a pattern of connection that cannot be explained by direct causality). Cause-and-effect, in Jung's mind, seemed to have nothing to do with it.
Plainly put, it is the experience of two or more occurrences (beyond coincidentally) in a manner that is logically meaningful- but inexplicable- to the person or persons experiencing them. Such events would also have to suggest an underlying pattern in order to satisfy the definition of synchronicity as developed by Jung.
It differs from mere coincidence in that synchronicity implies not just a happenstance, but an underlying pattern or dynamic that is being expressed through meaningful relationships or events.
Jung believed that many experiences perceived as coincidence were due not merely to chance, but instead, suggested the manifestation of parallel events or circumstances reflecting this governing dynamic. [2]
One of Jung's favourite quotes on Synchronicity was from Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll, in which the White Queen says to Alice: "It's a poor sort of memory that only works backwards". [3]
A well-known example of synchronicity is the true story of the French writer Émile Deschamps who in 1805 was treated to some plum pudding by the stranger Monsieur de Fortgibu. Ten years later, he encountered plum pudding on the menu of a Paris restaurant, and wanted to order some, but the waiter told him the last dish had already been served to another customer, who turned out to be de Fortgibu. Many years later in 1832 Émile Deschamps was at a diner, and was once again offered plum pudding. He recalled the earlier incident and told his friends that only de Fortgibu was missing to make the setting complete — and in the same instant the now senile de Fortgibu entered the room.
During production of the The Wizard of Oz, a coat purchased from a second-hand store for the costume of Professor Marvel was later discovered to have belonged to L. Frank Baum, author of the original children's book upon which the film is based. [4]
"Synchronicity." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 11 Dec 2006, 04:11 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 13 Dec 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synchronicity&oldid=93516837>.
The experience of hearing Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon while watching The Wizard of OZ, is referred to by music and film fans as a synchronicity. Based on the information above, how do you see the term synchronicity applying to the film? For examples, identify some of the connections you witnessed between the film and the music. Do you think that these connections are unplanned coincidence or the work of meticulous preparation? Since the members of the band contend there is no connection, does this then confirm Jung’s philosophy that these two seemingly different entertainment medium, created fifty years apart, are connected without cause?
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Shakespeare's Life and Times
- Renaissance means rebirth, but do you know what the time period was characterized by?
- What was life like in Elizabethan England?
- Did playwrights make a lot of money or not?
- Drama was a popular activity at schools and universities, but what are interludes and masques?
- Who is this
Christopher Marlowe I've read so much about? - Why is he so well known even though he died at such an early age?
- The Renaissance is often thought of as The Age of
Shakespeare whose dramas reflect the influence of early church ceremonies. I am always surprised when I hear people argue that he never wrote his great canon of plays. Are you? - What makes Shakespeare so famous anyway?
- How did Elizabethan audiences know whether the scene was a night scene or not if there wasn't any artificial lighting?
- I know that dramatic terms are boring, but can you tell me what a soliloquy and an aside are?
· Is that true for "
· Do you know or can you find the source of Macbeth's story?
Monday, December 6, 2010
ClassBlog: American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King, Jr. - I Have a Dream
RP ClassBlog: American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King, Jr. - I Have a Dream
American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King, Jr. - I Have a Dream
How does Dr. King employ the following rhetorical devices in his speech?
Allusion
Amplification
Analogy
Metaphor
Simile
Rhetorical Question
Repetition
Pacing
How does Dr. King employ the following rhetorical devices in his speech?
Allusion
Amplification
Analogy
Metaphor
Simile
Rhetorical Question
Repetition
Pacing
Sunday, December 5, 2010
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Persuasive Speeches
Persuasive speech scoring Rubric
AUTHOR:
DATE:
TITLE:
TIME: ____________________
q Do you have an attention-grabbing introduction?
q Do you convey a personal feeling or sentiment clearly using a central focus or thesis? Do you clearly restate your thesis throughout your speech?
q Do you support your personal feeling with sufficient details, examples from your research and personal reflections?
q Do you demonstrate an understanding of the PowerPoint software and use it to enhance your presentation?
q Do you present your information clearly using formal language, tone and appearance including the appropriate use of body position and eye contact?
q Does your speech form a meaningful whole with a clear beginning, middle and end; moreover, do you smoothly transition from one point to the next?
GRADE
_____/100
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
Beowulf
Journal Topics
What is a hero? Explain your definition and give examples.
What is courage? How would most people today define courage?
What qualities do you believe a good leader should possess? Discuss leadership in our society. Name some modern leaders. What are the characteristics of contemporary leaders?What do we admire about them?
What does it mean to be loyal? Tell about a time when you were loyal or someone was loyal to you.
Why is reputation important? What influences a person's reputation?
What does it mean to be generous? Why is generosity important? Write about the most generous person you know.
What does the "scop" (pronounced "shop"), or bard, do for his society?
Define rhythm, rhyme. Discuss the value of both to oral tradition. Elicit examples of things we remember well because of these devices (nursery rhymes, months of the year, etc).
Explain the literary terms kenning and appositive phrase. Create kennings and appositive phrases to describe someone you know.
What seems to be the function of the boasts that Beowulf and others make?
What role does the Hall of Heorot play in this culture?
What role does wealth play in Beowulf's culture? What problems does it cause?
What is a hero? Explain your definition and give examples.
What is courage? How would most people today define courage?
What qualities do you believe a good leader should possess? Discuss leadership in our society. Name some modern leaders. What are the characteristics of contemporary leaders?What do we admire about them?
What does it mean to be loyal? Tell about a time when you were loyal or someone was loyal to you.
Why is reputation important? What influences a person's reputation?
What does it mean to be generous? Why is generosity important? Write about the most generous person you know.
What does the "scop" (pronounced "shop"), or bard, do for his society?
Define rhythm, rhyme. Discuss the value of both to oral tradition. Elicit examples of things we remember well because of these devices (nursery rhymes, months of the year, etc).
Explain the literary terms kenning and appositive phrase. Create kennings and appositive phrases to describe someone you know.
What seems to be the function of the boasts that Beowulf and others make?
What role does the Hall of Heorot play in this culture?
What role does wealth play in Beowulf's culture? What problems does it cause?
Sunday, November 28, 2010
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
Gaithersburg Book Festival - A Celebration of books, writers, and literary excellence
High school students from across the Washington Metropolitan Area are invited to submit short stories to the Gaithersburg Book Festival first annual Short Story Contest. To participate, your story must be no longer than 1,000 words and start with one of the following three lines:*
1. In my entire life, I've fibbed dozens of times - usually to be polite or to get out of attending some mind-numbing social event - but I've only told one really big lie…Thursday, November 18, 2010
ClassBlog: Oedipus and Coldplay
RP ClassBlog: Oedipus and Coldplay: "Viva La Vida Analysis Lyrics Oedipus is an example of a Greek tragedy. Using your book or notes, identify the traits..."
Monday, November 15, 2010
Friday, November 12, 2010
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
Teaching With Podcasts - ReadWriteThink
Teaching With Podcasts - ReadWriteThink
Students can produce podcasts that fit any genre, including audio diary entries, analytical commentary on readings or current events, informational recordings that explain concepts, and persuasive and argumentative statements.
Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Sophocles, Oedipus the King (E-text)
Sophocles, Oedipus the King (E-text)
Sophocles
Oedipus the King
c. 420 BC
This translation by Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, BC, has certain copyright restrictions. For information please use the following link: Copyright. For comments or question please contact Ian Johnston.
This translation is available in the form of a published paperback book from Richer Resources Publications.
This text is available in the form of a Publisher file for those who would like to print it off as a small book. There is no charge for these files. For details, please use the following link: Publisher files.
For a catalogue of other translations, please use the following link: Index
Monday, November 8, 2010
Confessions of former NFL agent Josh Luchs - SI.com - Magazine
Confessions of former NFL agent Josh Luchs - SI.com - Magazine: "This story appears in the October 18, 2010 issue of Sports Illustrated
I will never forget the first time I paid a player.
There are moments you will always remember, like your first kiss or your first home run or the day you met your wife. For me, the first time I broke an NCAA rule to try to land a client is just as indelible.
It was before the 1990 football season, and I flew from Los Angeles to Denver and drove to the University of Colorado to try to meet with Kanavis McGhee. He was a big, pass-rushing linebacker who was expected to be a high pick in the 1991 NFL draft. I was 20 years old -- the youngest agent ever certified by the NFL Players Association -- and had less than a year's experience, but for whatever reason I convinced myself that I had a shot with him."
I will never forget the first time I paid a player.
There are moments you will always remember, like your first kiss or your first home run or the day you met your wife. For me, the first time I broke an NCAA rule to try to land a client is just as indelible.
It was before the 1990 football season, and I flew from Los Angeles to Denver and drove to the University of Colorado to try to meet with Kanavis McGhee. He was a big, pass-rushing linebacker who was expected to be a high pick in the 1991 NFL draft. I was 20 years old -- the youngest agent ever certified by the NFL Players Association -- and had less than a year's experience, but for whatever reason I convinced myself that I had a shot with him."
Thursday, November 4, 2010
RP ClassBlog: O Brother
RP ClassBlog: O Brother
http://www.manitowoc.lib.wi.us/readers/criticschoice/obrother.htm
We are transitioning into reading Oedipus reading The Iliad.
As a transitional piece, please read the following passage about the Trojan War and the life of Odysseus.
"After the Trojan War, Odysseus (also known as Ulysses) is imprisoned by Poseidon because of an offense he had committed. The gods decide he should be released and he begins his journey home. He and his men experience a wide variety of adventures including encountering a Cyclops and Sirens. When he returns home he must prove his love to his wife and vanquish her suitors."
Also, please complete the following discussion questions and view the film with the questions in mind.
Film Discussion Questions:
1. What elements make this film a period piece (set in a particular time and place)?
2. When the stranger warns Everett Ulysses McGill, Delmar, and Pete that they’ll “find treasure, but not the sort they’re looking for," what treasure is he referring to?
What treasure are the three characters hoping to find?
3. Where does the title O, Brother Where Art Thou originate?
4. The movie is loosely based on Homer’s Odyssey in which the Greek warrior Odysseus ( known as Ulysses) spends ten years of his life enduring bizarre adventures as he tries to return home to his wife Penelope after the Trojan War. What similarities do you see between the Odyssey and O, Brother Where Art Thou?
5. Bluegrass music is an important part of the film. What role does it play and what does it add to the movie?
6. A road movie is one in which character(s) embark on a journey of self discovery on the road or through travel. How does this movie do that?
7. What elements of humor are evident in the movie?
8. What is your favorite scene of the movie?
9. Some critics of the film say that O, Brother Where Art Thouconsists of great bits and pieces rather than a cohesive or complete film. Do you agree/disagree with this?
1. What elements make this film a period piece (set in a particular time and place)?
2. When the stranger warns Everett Ulysses McGill, Delmar, and Pete that they’ll “find treasure, but not the sort they’re looking for," what treasure is he referring to?
What treasure are the three characters hoping to find?
3. Where does the title O, Brother Where Art Thou originate?
4. The movie is loosely based on Homer’s Odyssey in which the Greek warrior Odysseus ( known as Ulysses) spends ten years of his life enduring bizarre adventures as he tries to return home to his wife Penelope after the Trojan War. What similarities do you see between the Odyssey and O, Brother Where Art Thou?
5. Bluegrass music is an important part of the film. What role does it play and what does it add to the movie?
6. A road movie is one in which character(s) embark on a journey of self discovery on the road or through travel. How does this movie do that?
7. What elements of humor are evident in the movie?
8. What is your favorite scene of the movie?
9. Some critics of the film say that O, Brother Where Art Thouconsists of great bits and pieces rather than a cohesive or complete film. Do you agree/disagree with this?
http://www.manitowoc.lib.wi.us/readers/criticschoice/obrother.htm
Persona Poem
I am The American Flag,
I wave in front of Post Offices,
People stand up to praise me in school,
Before the first pitch,
At the Lincoln Memorial.
Flap, Flap.
My thirteen stripes and fifty stars,
Were supposed to remind Americans of their history.
Sadly, they sometimes use me to prove the worth of their political party,
Justify wars on drugs and on terror,
Spread Democracy to the rest of the world -
Whether it's wanted or not.
Soldiers carry me into battle,
I represent freedom,
The American Way,
But not necessarily the way for the whole world.
God Bless America.
I wave in front of Post Offices,
People stand up to praise me in school,
Before the first pitch,
At the Lincoln Memorial.
Flap, Flap.
My thirteen stripes and fifty stars,
Were supposed to remind Americans of their history.
Sadly, they sometimes use me to prove the worth of their political party,
Justify wars on drugs and on terror,
Spread Democracy to the rest of the world -
Whether it's wanted or not.
Soldiers carry me into battle,
I represent freedom,
The American Way,
But not necessarily the way for the whole world.
God Bless America.
Gatsby Questions
Chapter 1
Describe the main characters in this chapter. What is Gatsby doing when Nick sees him? Summarize the potential significance of the green light at the end of the chapter.
Chapter 2
Explain the possible meaning of the eyes of D. T.J. Eckleberg. They are a recurring symbol throughout the novel. Identify changes in Myrtle's character when she is with George at the gas station and then when she is with Tom in the city.
Chapter 3
What is the significance of the man Nick meets in the library? What does he point out about the books, and why are his comments significant? What are some of the other explanations given at the party for the mystery surrounding Gatsby's persona?
Chapter 4
Why is Gatsby's explanation of his background to Nick significant? What does Gatsby's meeting with Meyer Wolfshiem indicate about his character? What do you learn about the history between Gatsby and Daisy at the end of Chapter 4? How do you feel about Gatsby's motivations at the end of the chapter?
Describe the main characters in this chapter. What is Gatsby doing when Nick sees him? Summarize the potential significance of the green light at the end of the chapter.
Chapter 2
Explain the possible meaning of the eyes of D. T.J. Eckleberg. They are a recurring symbol throughout the novel. Identify changes in Myrtle's character when she is with George at the gas station and then when she is with Tom in the city.
Chapter 3
What is the significance of the man Nick meets in the library? What does he point out about the books, and why are his comments significant? What are some of the other explanations given at the party for the mystery surrounding Gatsby's persona?
Chapter 4
Why is Gatsby's explanation of his background to Nick significant? What does Gatsby's meeting with Meyer Wolfshiem indicate about his character? What do you learn about the history between Gatsby and Daisy at the end of Chapter 4? How do you feel about Gatsby's motivations at the end of the chapter?
Thursday, October 28, 2010
Thursday, October 21, 2010
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Sunday, October 17, 2010
Friday, October 15, 2010
Going Beyond Cliché: How to Write a Great College Essay - NYTimes.com
Going Beyond Cliché: How to Write a Great College Essay - NYTimes.com
Overview | What makes a college essay “work”? How can writers reveal themselves through writing? In this lesson, students explore sample college essays and then consider advice about what separates a great essay from a mediocre or ineffective one as well as essay-writing tips. Finally, they write essays based on the piece of advice that resonated with them.
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
The Iliad - The Hero
After reading The Death of Hector - Project Gutenberg etext
1. Define Epic Hero
2. Analyze the text to prove if Achilles is an Epic Hero or not.
Epic Traditions: The Hero from http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng211/epic_traditions_the_hero.htm
1. Define Epic Hero
2. Analyze the text to prove if Achilles is an Epic Hero or not.
Epic Traditions: The Hero from http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng211/epic_traditions_the_hero.htm
Our earliest historical examples of epic heroes and their tasks are Homer's great Achilles and Odysseus, and the Greeks' war against the Trojans. Achilles, known in theIliad by the epithets (nicknames) "the Man Breaker" or "the Great Runner," is heroic in the sense that he fights triumphantly against all his enemies and takes no thought for his own safety, defending rather the honor and duties that a warrior must insist are due to him. He seeks fame, obeying only the immortal gods. Even by the end of theIliad's hundreds of years of composition, however, revisionism seems to have found its way into the poem, repeatedly posing criticisms of the hero for his titanic rage which nearly destroys the Greek army when Achilles refuses to fight in his quarrel with Agamemnon. This costs him the life of his best friend, Patroclos, who goes into battle to replace him and dies fighting Hector, who was Achilles' destined opponent. Finally, even Zeus sends Hermes to tell Achilles that he has exceeded the bounds of propriety. Of course, by that time, he has been dragging Hector's corpse behind his chariot around and around Troy's walls for three days to demonstrate how completely he has defeated the man who took Patroclos from him.
(10) Why do the gods interfere with Achilles’ plans for Hector’s body?
(11) What are the results of Priam’s meeting with Achilles? Why?
(14) In what ways do the Greek gods behave differently from your own divinity?
(15) Contrast Hector and Achilles. Which do you like better? Why?
(16) In your opinion, is Achilles any different at the end of the story than he was at the beginning? Explain.
(10) Why do the gods interfere with Achilles’ plans for Hector’s body?
(11) What are the results of Priam’s meeting with Achilles? Why?
(14) In what ways do the Greek gods behave differently from your own divinity?
(15) Contrast Hector and Achilles. Which do you like better? Why?
(16) In your opinion, is Achilles any different at the end of the story than he was at the beginning? Explain.
Monday, October 11, 2010
Friday, October 8, 2010
Ridley Scott Climbs HIGH CASTLE - Mania.com
Ridley Scott Climbs HIGH CASTLE - Mania.com
Director Ridley Scott
© N/A
Director Ridley Scott
© N/A
Nearly three decades after Ridley Scott brought Blade Runner to the silver screen,Deadline NY reports the helmer is set to tackle another of Philip K. Dick's adventures. But this time it will be going to the small screen as a mini-series formula. The website says that Scott will take on Dick's Hugo award winning novel The Man in the High Castle by turning it into a 4-hour television event. Howard Brenton (the British television series "MI-5" and "Spooks") will adapt the text for Scott Free Productions.
Wednesday, October 6, 2010
Writing Team Procedures
Writing Team Procedures - Google Docs
Writing Team Procedures
- Start with one writer and do not move on until the first writer is satisfied with the quality and quantity of feedback.
- Writers should begin by explaining what type of writing they have brought and explain the purpose in the writing.
- Writers should share any concerns they have about the writing; for example, “I don’t think my introduction grabs the reader’s attention.” or "I'm not sure the voice you hear is the one I intended."
- Writers should read their papers ALOUD to the team. Team members should listen and make comments on paper as they go.
- Feedback should be specific, nonjudgmental and thorough.
- Writers should then engage in a dialogue with the team members, asking questions and seeking clarification on feedback.
- Writers should take their own notes on the discussion using their paper. Writers are not obligated to make all of the changes recommended by the team, but they must consider them.
- Following the "out loud" reading, share your paper with others for quiet reading.
All drafts and revision feedback should be handed in to Mr. Koch with the final draft.
FAUQUIER HIGH SCHOOL’S PSAT SCHEDULE
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
7:30 Warning Bell
7:35 Tardy Bell
11:15 – 11:30 Arrival of students who are not testing
11:20 (approximate) Warning Bell **
11:30 – 11:45 Advisory **
Block Three Lunch Shifts
11:45 – 12:12 1st Lunch Shift
11:50 Tardy(for 2nd and 3rd Lunch Shifts)
12:17 Tardy (for 1st Lunch Shift)
12:17 – 12:30 Study Time
12:30 – 12:57 2nd Lunch Shift
12:35 Tardy (for 2nd Lunch Shift)
12:57 – 1:24 3rd Lunch Shift
1:02 Tardy (for 3rd Lunch Shift)
1:30 – 2:35 Block Four
NOTES:
* Liberty High School and Kettle Run High School students will travel to Fauquier High School
** Times may vary because of testing and transportation issues – I appreciate your flexibility.
Friday, October 1, 2010
The Iliad
Create a visual presentation for the class on one of the following topics:
Historical Background of Ancient Greece
The Trojan War - how/why did the war start?
The Life of Homer - when did he live and what did he do?
Hunter, Chris, Jade and Brandie
_________________________________________________________________________
The Epic Form - Epic Hero, In Medias Res, Homeric epithet
Epic Traditions: The Hero
Our earliest historical examples of epic heroes and their tasks are Homer's great Achilles and Odysseus, and the Greeks' war against the Trojans. Achilles, known in theIliad by the epithets (nicknames) "the Man Breaker" or "the Great Runner," is heroic in the sense that he fights triumphantly against all his enemies and takes no thought for his own safety, defending rather the honor and duties that a warrior must insist are due to him. He seeks fame, obeying only the immortal gods. Even by the end of theIliad's hundreds of years of composition, however, revisionism seems to have found its way into the poem, repeatedly posing criticisms of the hero for his titanic rage which nearly destroys the Greek army when Achilles refuses to fight in his quarrel with Agamemnon. This costs him the life of his best friend, Patroclos, who goes into battle to replace him and dies fighting Hector, who was Achilles' destined opponent. Finally, even Zeus sends Hermes to tell Achilles that he has exceeded the bounds of propriety. Of course, by that time, he has been dragging Hector's corpse behind his chariot around and around Troy's walls for three days to demonstrate how completely he has defeated the man who took Patroclos from him.
ClassBlog: The Great Gatsby
ClassBlog: The Great Gatsby
Speed Search Assignment - an introduction to the Roaring 20's and The Great Gatsby
Investigate the 1920's and the time surrounding the story of Nick, Jordan, Gatsby, Daisy and Tom.
What was this time period like? What was it like living on Long Island at that time? Were there really mansions like Gatsby's on Long Island then? What types of things did people do for fun? What were speakeasies and what role did they play in the social scene? What kind of music was popular? Did guys like Gatsby really exist?
The indicator that you have completed your research is a collection ofvisuals representing different facets of the 1920's. Be creative! Use any visual material to complete your assignment. You will share your visuals with the class at the next meeting. This is an individual assignment:
The images represent events and items from the 1920's
The images are colorful and neatly done
The images are size appropriate for classroom viewing
The images are presented to the class in a clear manner
Investigate the 1920's and the time surrounding the story of Nick, Jordan, Gatsby, Daisy and Tom.
What was this time period like? What was it like living on Long Island at that time? Were there really mansions like Gatsby's on Long Island then? What types of things did people do for fun? What were speakeasies and what role did they play in the social scene? What kind of music was popular? Did guys like Gatsby really exist?
The indicator that you have completed your research is a collection ofvisuals representing different facets of the 1920's. Be creative! Use any visual material to complete your assignment. You will share your visuals with the class at the next meeting. This is an individual assignment:
The images represent events and items from the 1920's
The images are colorful and neatly done
The images are size appropriate for classroom viewing
The images are presented to the class in a clear manner
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Madman, Architect, Carpenter, Judge
Madman, Architect, Carpenter, Judge: Roles and the Writing Process.
"What's the hardest part of writing?" I ask on the first day of class.
"Getting started," someone offers, groaning.
"No, it's not getting started," a voice in the back of the room corrects. "It's keeping on once you do get started. I can always write a sentence or two-but then I get stuck."
"Why?" I ask.
"I don't know. I am writing along, and all of a sudden I realize how awful it is, and I tear it up. Then I start over again, and after two sentences, the same thing happens."
"Let me suggest something which might help," I say. Turning to the board, I write four words: "madman," "architect," "carpenter," "judge."
Monday, September 27, 2010
Friday, September 24, 2010
Thursday, September 23, 2010
Monday, September 20, 2010
The Crucible Themes
The Crucible Themes
Lies and Deceit
Respect and Reputation
Compassion and Forgiveness
Good and Evil
The Supernatural
Justice
Religion
Envy
Shmoop Editorial Team. "The Crucible Themes." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 20 Sep 2010.
Shmoop Editorial Team. "The Crucible Themes." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 20 Sep 2010.
Friday, September 17, 2010
Crucible study guide [v5 - Google Docs
Crucible study guide
10. One of Miller's most powerful devices in this play is his use of irony. Irony is a contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality. In verbal irony a writer or speaker says one thing , but really means the opposite. In situational irony, what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate. In dramatic irony, the audience or the reader is aware of something important that the character does not know. Explain how each of the following is an example of verbal, situational, or dramatic irony:
a. John's warning to Elizabeth at the beginning of the act, "Pray now for a fair summer."
b. Mary's gift of a poppet to Elizabeth
c. Proctor's reliance, early in this act , on the good offices of Ezekiel Cheever
d. The one Commandment out of ten that John Proctor can't remember
e. Proctor's statement toward the end about Abigail, "Good, Then her saintliness is done with."
f. Hale's statement about Parris , "The man's ordained, therefore the light of God is in him."
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